Understanding Campervan Electrics

Campervans offer the freedom to explore the great outdoors while providing the comforts of home on wheels, and it is the electrical system that powers these luxuries. We will delve into the world of campervan electrics, covering essential topics such as split charging, campsite 240v hook-ups, and the optimal use of solar panels to power your accessories. Whether you're a seasoned campervan enthusiast or a newcomer to this world, our guide will help you navigate the intricacies of your campervan's electrical setup.

In order to preserve the power in your regular battery (so you can start the engine to drive home) the campervan's electrical system relies on a second leisure battery to power various appliances and accessories. Using a method called split charging, the leisure battery is kept topped up while driving thanks to an additional connection to the vehicle's alternator. There are a few different types of split charging systems, and aside from a manual switch which you would toggle between each battery, these typically involve a relay of some sort.  

• Split Charge Relay (SCR): The most basic split charge system, this will automatically spring into life when it senses a voltage (as long as the car is running) and begins to charge your leisure battery as you drive. You can buy a split-charge relay kit here. 
• Voltage Sensitive Relays (VSR): On top of the benefits of the SCR unit, the VSR will only come into play once a set voltage has been reached in the vehicle's main battery, and at the point the leisure battery is full, charging will then resume full time on the vehicle battery. 
• Battery-to-Battery (B2B) charger:  This is a more advanced setup and subsequently more expensive, but it's the only option available to you if you have a vehicle with a smart alternator, such as the VW T6. These systems boast features such as fast charging, and will also work with lightweight lithium batteries, unlike the relay options above. 
• Leisure Battery: We suggest investing in a high-quality leisure battery with ample capacity to meet your power requirements. Deep cycle batteries are the most suitable for campervans as they can handle regular discharging and recharging cycles. Please note Lithium batteries cannot be used in conjunction with SCRs and VSRs. 
• Wiring: Proper wiring is crucial to ensure efficient split charging. Use appropriately sized cables and fuse connections to minimize voltage drops and potential hazards. If you are unsure get your wiring checked over by a professional before you head out on the road. 

If you're at a campsite with access to mains power, utilizing a 240v hook-up allows you to run high-power appliances and top up your leisure battery. Here's what you need to consider for a safe and effective connection:

• Hook-Up Cable: Purchase a quality hook-up cable to reach the campsite's power source - much better to be too long than too short! Ensure it's rated for outdoor use and has the necessary connectors for your campervan and the hook-up point.
• Consumer Unit: Install a consumer unit in your campervan to manage the 240v electrical supply. This unit should include circuit breakers, residual current devices (RCDs), and other safety features to protect against overloads and electrical faults.
• RCD Protection: An RCD is a crucial safety device that detects and will cut off the power supply if it senses an electrical fault. It will provide protection against electric shocks and should be incorporated into your campervan's consumer unit.
• Appliances and Wiring: Ensure your appliances and wiring are compatible with a 240v supply. Use appropriate plugs, sockets, and circuit breakers to prevent overloading and electrical hazards.

Solar panels offer an excellent way to power your campervan's accessories while on the move or when camping off-grid. In fact, you don't even have to permanently install them.  Here's how to make the most of solar power:

• Solar Panel Selection: Choose high-quality solar panels with suitable wattage to meet your power needs. Monocrystalline panels are known for their efficiency, but polycrystalline panels are a more cost-effective option.
• Charge Controller: Install a solar charge controller between the solar panels and the leisure battery. This device regulates the charging process, preventing overcharging and extending the battery's lifespan.
• Battery Capacity: Assess your power requirements and determine the appropriate leisure battery capacity to pair with your solar panels. This ensures you have sufficient energy storage for cloudy days or when power demands increase.
• Mounting and Positioning: Install solar panels on your campervan's roof or use portable panels if you prefer flexibility. Position them to maximize exposure to sunlight, avoiding shading from roof vents, roof racks, or other obstructions.

Understanding campervan electrics is vital for a safe, efficient, and enjoyable experience on the road. Remember to prioritize safety by using high-quality components, and appropriate wiring, and of course, requesting professional assistance if you are unsure. By mastering these concepts, you can power your campervan's appliances and accessories reliably while embracing the freedom of the open road.

Happy camping and safe travels!

Andy